Figure 3

Time memory in avoidance conditioning. (A,B) Place avoidance conditioning at ZT03. (C,D) Place avoidance conditioning at ZT11. Animals were pre-exposed to the conditioning chambers to reduce interference due to situation novelty. Control animals at ZT03 and ZT11 (A,C) showed no preference for either conditioning chamber during pre-exposure and testing 8 days later. Data represent average dwell times in the striped and plain context chambers indicated. Conditioned animals at ZT03 and ZT11 (B,D) showed significant avoidance of a shock-paired chamber after 8 days of conditioning. Avoidance was expressed when testing occurred at the matching time, but not at the non-matching time. (Non-conditioned, N = 4/group; conditioned, N = 5/group). P values are associated with the difference in dwell time in the shock-paired chamber versus the safe chamber (t-test). Error bars = SEM.