Table 1 Severity of paravalvular leak.

From: Intraventricular Vortex Interaction between Transmitral Flow and Paravalvular Leak

Calculation of Regurgitant Volume and RF using PVL orifice area

 

Anterior PVL

Posterior PVL

PVL orifice area [cm2]

0.24

0.24

VTI of PVL [cm]

191 ± 0.59

192 ± 0.36

Regurgitant Volume [ml/beat]

46 ± 0.14

46 ± 0.09

Outflow tract area [cm2]

3.14

3.14

VTILVOT [cm]

35 ± 0.47

35 ± 0.15

SVLVOT [ml/beat]

111 ± 1.5

111 ± 0.42

RF % = Regurgitant Volume/SVLVOT

41.4

41.6

HR [bpm]

45

45

Calculation of Regurgitant Volume and RF using the set CO

 

Anterior PVL

Posterior PVL

set CO [L/min]

3

3

HR [bpm]

45

45

SVCIRC [ml/beat] = 3.0 L/45 bpm

66.7

66.7

SVLVOT [ml/beat]

111 ± 1.5

111 ± 0.42

Regurgitant Volume [ml/beat] = SVLVOT − SVCIRC

44 ± 1.5

44 ± 0.42

  1. PVL, paravalvular leak; VTI, velocity time integral; VTILVOT, VTI at left ventricular outflow tract; SVLVOT, stroke volume through left ventricular outflow tract; RF, regurgitant fraction; SVCIRC, circulating stroke volume; HR, heart rate; CO, cardiac output. The values are mean ± standard error.