Table 2 Diagnostic performance of various indexes in differentiating moderate-high from low activity group in primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients.

Index	Cutoff value	Sensitivity	Specificity	Accuracy	AUC	P
Oral dryness	With oral dryness	100.0%	14.3%	45.5%	0.570	0.382
Ocular dryness	With ocular dryness	45.0%	48.6%	47.3%	0.532	0.694
ANA	≥1:100	80.0%	11.4%	36.4%	0.543	0.600
Anti-SSA	Positive	80.0%	25.7%	45.5%	0.529	0.726
Anti-SSB	Positive	65.0%	88.6%	80.0%	0.768	0.001^*
X-ray sialography	Rubin and Holt scores positive	90.0%	34.3%	54.5%	0.621	0.137
Ocular tests	Schirmer’s I test ≤ 1.5 mL/15 min or Rose Bengal staining test positive	55.0%	34.3%	41.8%	0.554	0.512
Lip biopsy	Focus score ≥ 1 focus per 4 mm²	80.0%	62.9%	69.1%	0.714	0.009^*
MRI morphology	Grade 1–3	80.0%	71.4%	74.5%	0.757	0.002^*
ADC	<698.2 × 10⁻⁶ mm²/s	55.0%	88.6%	76.4%	0.696	0.017^*
Volume	>2806.3 mm³	40.0%	77.1%	63.6%	0.579	0.336
ADC_mean	<826.9 × 10⁻⁶ mm²/s	55.0%	85.7%	74.5%	0.666	0.042^*
Skewness	>0.463	70.0%	40.0%	50.9%	0.550	0.540
Kurtosis	<5.526	95.0%	31.4%	54.5%	0.620	0.142
Entropy	>6.169	65.0%	94.3%	83.6%	0.853	<0.001^*

Note, ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; AUC, area under receiver operating characteristic curve.
^*P < 0.05. Cutoff values were established by calculating the maximal Youden index (Youden index = sensitivity + specificity − 1).

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