Table 2 Comparison of the cognitive assessment variables between patients with and without reported type 2 diabetes.

From: Type 2 diabetes and cognitive impairment in an older population with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome: baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-plus study

 

Type 2 diabetes = absent

(n = 4,964)

Type 2 diabetes = present

(n = 1,859)

MD

F 1;6817

p

95% CI (MD)

|d|

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Phonological verbal fluency of letter P: total

12.40

4.59

11.74

4.39

0.66

33.93

<0.001*

0.44

0.88

0.15

Semantic verbal fluency of animals: total

16.22

4.96

15.63

4.74

0.58

22.63

<0.001*

0.34

0.82

0.12

Trail Making Test: A, total time (seconds)

52.14

27.66

54.02

28.74

−1.88

7.00

0.016*

−3.26

−0.49

0.07

Trail Making Test: B, total time (seconds)

123.78

63.84

130.70

69.63

−6.92

17.91

<0.001*

−10.13

−3.72

0.10

Digit: forward score

8.81

2.46

8.80

2.49

0.02

0.07

0.798

−0.13

0.16

0.01

Digit: backwards core

5.16

2.27

5.20

2.14

−0.04

0.29

0.637

−0.16

0.09

0.02

Digit: forward Span

5.70

1.35

5.61

1.33

0.10

2.94

0.114

−0.01

0.21

0.07

Digit: backwards Span

3.81

1.25

3.72

1.19

0.09

3.24

0.115

−0.01

0.19

0.07

  1. Note. SD, standard deviation; MD, mean difference; |d|, Cohen’s-d measuring effect size.
  2. *Bold: significant comparison (0.05 level, including Finner’s correction).
  3. All the results adjusted for sex, age, education and presence of apnoea.
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