Table 3 Comparison for type 2 diabetes patients with HbA1c higher and lower than 53 mmol/mol (7%).

From: Type 2 diabetes and cognitive impairment in an older population with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome: baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-plus study

Type 2 diabetes = present (n = 1,620)

HbA1c<53 mmol/mol (7%)

(n = 979)

HbA1c≥53 mmol/mol (7%)

(n = 641)

MD

F 1;1615

p

95% CI (MD)

|d|

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Phonological verbal fluency of letter P: total

11.90

4.44

11.35

4.35

0.55

7.16

0.036*

0.15

0.95

0.12

Semantic verbal fluency of animals: total

15.68

4.71

15.38

4.84

0.30

1.82

0.269

−0.14

0.74

0.06

Trail Making Test: A, total time (seconds)

54.32

28.45

53.92

27.86

0.40

0.09

0.807

−2.20

3.00

0.01

Trail Making Test: B, total time (seconds)

129.88

69.78

132.51

68.98

−2.63

0.68

0.507

−8.90

3.64

0.04

Digit: forward score

8.76

2.48

8.54

2.41

0.22

2.50

0.244

−0.05

0.49

0.09

Digit: backwards core

5.20

2.25

4.87

1.93

0.33

8.13

0.035*

0.10

0.56

0.16

Digit: forward Span

5.68

1.39

5.52

1.29

0.16

2.72

0.244

−0.03

0.34

0.12

Digit: backwards Span

3.71

1.25

3.70

1.15

0.01

0.02

0.888

−0.15

0.18

0.01

HbA1c

6.23

0.44

7.84

0.83

−1.61

257.2

<0.001*

−1.67

−1.55

2.42

  1. Note. SD, standard deviation; MD, mean difference; |d|, Cohen’s-d measuring effect size.
  2. *Bold: significant comparison (0.05 level, including Finner’s correction).
  3. All the results adjusted for sex, age, education and presence of apnea.
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