Table 2 Predictors of syncope in patients with pulmonary embolism aged 18 years and older (uni-variate and multi-variate logistic regression models).

From: Syncope in haemodynamically stable and unstable patients with acute pulmonary embolism – Results of the German nationwide inpatient sample

Parameters

PE patients aged 18 years and older (n = 293,640; 6,792 patients with syncope [2.3%])

Univariate regression model

Multi-variate regression model

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Age

1.024 (1.022–1.026)

<0.001

1.020 (1.018–1.022)

<0.001

Female gender

1.142 (1.088–1.199)

<0.001

0.973 (0.925–1.022)

0.282

Obesity

1.097 (1.008–1.194)

0.032

1.138 (1.043–1.241)

0.004

VTE risk factors

Surgery during in-hospital stay

0.911 (0.868–0.956)

<0.001

0.958 (0.912–1.006)

0.088

Cancer

0.563 (0.524–0.605)

<0.001

0.587 (0.545–0.632)

<0.001

Comorbidities

Coronary artery disease

1.284 (1.202–1.372)

<0.001

1.036 (0.967–1.110)

0.318

Heart failure

1.250 (1.181–1.324)

<0.001

0.987 (0.927–1.050)

0.671

Chronic lung disease

0.888 (0.831–0.948)

<0.001

0.775 (0.725–0.828)

<0.001

Essential arterial hypertension

1.211 (1.154–1.271)

<0.001

1.021 (0.972–1.073)

0.407

Renal insufficiency

1.588 (1.504–1.676)

<0.001

1.294 (1.220–1.372)

<0.001

Diabetes mellitus

1.201 (1.132–1.275)

<0.001

1.025 (0.954–1.090)

0.433

Coagulation abnormalities

0.931 (0.847–1.022)

0.134

1.017 (0.925–1.118)

0.726

Stroke

0.794 (0.657–0.960)

0.017

0.716 (0.592–0.866)

0.001

Atrial fibrillation or flutter

1.318 (1.237–1.405)

<0.001

1.025 (0.958–1.097)

0.474

Vestibular disorder

1.948 (1.342–2.829)

<0.001

1.641 (1.128–2.389)

0.010

Carotid-sinus-syndrome

18.781 ((5.782–61.000)

<0.001

13.062 (3.816–44.707)

<0.001

Meningioma

1.422 (0.889–2.276)

0.142

1.398 (0.872–2.240)

0.164

Pneumonia

0.656 (0.615–0.700)

<0.001

0.661 (0.619–0.706)

<0.001

Sick-sinus-syndrome

5.187 (4.196–6.413)

<0.001

3.869 (3.110–4.812)

<0.001

Ventricular tachycardia caused by reentry tachycardia

3.840 (0.903–16.334)

0.069

4.037 (0.939–17.358)

0.061

Pacemaker or internal cardiac defibrillator malfunction

5.876 (3.422–10.090)

<0.001

3.425 (1.953–6.008)

<0.001

Risk stratification parameters

Tachycardia

1.963 (1.678–2.297)

<0.001

1.870 (1.594–2.194)

<0.001

Right ventricular dysfunction

1.454 (1.379–1.533)

<0.001

1.347 (1.276–1.421)

<0.001

  1. Abbreviations: PE indicates for pulmonary embolism; VTE, venous thromboembolism.
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