Table 3 Baseline characteristics, medical history and presentation of the 6,792 haemodynamically stable PE patients aged 18 years and older with presence of syncope stratified according in-hospital death.

From: Syncope in haemodynamically stable and unstable patients with acute pulmonary embolism – Results of the German nationwide inpatient sample

Parameters

PE + Syncope survivors (n = 6,357; 93.6%)

PE + Syncope non-survivors (n = 435; 6.4%)

P-value

Age

76.0 (67.0–83.0)

83.0 (75.0–87.0)

<0.001

Female gender

3,621 (57.0%)

251 (57.7%)

0.766

In-hospital stay (days)

10 (7–16)

5 (2–13)

<0.001

Obesity

578 (9.1%)

23 (5.3%)

0.007

VTE risk factors

Surgery during in-hospital stay

3,021 (47.5%)

157 (36.1%)

<0.001

Orthopedic surgery during in-hospital stay

252 (4.0%)

23 (5.3%)

0.112

Gastroenterological surgery during in-hospital stay

770 (12.1%)

43 (9.9%)

0.166

Cancer

738 (11.6%)

120 (27.6%)

<0.001

Comorbidities

Coronary artery disease

981 (15.4%)

84 (19.3%)

0.031

Heart failure

1,416 (22.3%)

158 (36.3%)

<0.001

Heart failure (NYHA functional class III/IV)

552 (8.7%)

92 (21.1%)

<0.001

Chronic lung disease

1,012 (15.9%)

79 (18.2%)

0.218

Essential arterial hypertension

3,221 (50.7%)

196 (45.1%)

0.024

Renal insufficiency

1,661 (26.1%)

175 (40.2%)

<0.001

Diabetes mellitus

1,304 (20.5%)

108 (24.8%)

0.032

Coagulation abnormalities

435 (6.8%)

46 (10.6%)

0.003

Stroke

100 (1.6%)

11 (2.5%)

0.166

Atrial fibrillation or flutter

1,066 (16.8%)

113 (26.0%)

<0.001

Vestibular disorder

29 (0.5%)

0 (0.0%)

0.257

Carotid-sinus-syndrome

4 (0.1%)

0 (0.0%)

1.000

Meningioma

—

—

1.000

Pneumonia

1,000 (15.7%)

91 (20.9%)

0.004

Sick-sinus-syndrome

93 (1.5%)

4 (0.9%)

0.528

Ventricular tachycardia caused by reentry tachycardia

—

—

0.124

Pacemaker oder internal cardiac defibrillator malfunction

15 (0.2)

0 (0.0%)

0.619

Deep venous thrombosis

2,321 (36.5%)

67 (15.4%)

<0.001

Risk stratification

Tachycardia

156 (2.5%)

11 (2.5%)

0.873

Right ventricular dysfunction

1,826 (28.7%)

195 (44.8%)

<0.001

Treatment

Systemic thrombolysis

206 (3.2%)

4 (0.9%)

0.004

Surgical embolectomy

2 (0.03%)

0 (0.0%)

1.000

Transfusion of blood constituents

481 (7.6%)

61 (14.0%)

<0.001

  1. In case of blank fields, the absolute numbers are very small and were not provided by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany due to secrecy reasons, nevertheless the statistical testing could be performed.
  2. Abbreviations: PE indicates for pulmonary embolism; VTE, venous thromboembolism; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
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