Table 2 Summary of models that best explain variation in expression of six genes in the posterior gills of both crab species.

Species	Gene	Gene category	Terms included in best model:
Species	Gene	Gene category	Variance structure	Fixed effects
Carcinus maenas	AE	Ion and AB	Time	Time + CW + Time:CW
	CAc	Ion	None	Additive + all 2-way interactions + pCO₂:Time:CW + Sal:Time:CW
	gpi-CA	Respiration	None	Sal
	NKAα	Ion and AB	None	Sal
	NHE	Ion and AB	None	Sal + Time + CW + Sal:CW + Time:CW
	VATB	Ion and AB	None	Sal
Cancer Pagurus	AE	Ion and AB	None	None
	CAc	Ion	None	Time
	gpi-CA	Respiration	None	None
	NKAα	Ion and AB	None	None
	NHE	Ion and AB	na	na
	VATB	Ion and AB	None	Sal + Time + CW

AE = anion exchanger protein, CAc = cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase, gpi-CA = gpi-linked carbonic anhydrase, NKAα = Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase alpha subunit, NHE = Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger, and VATB = vacuolar ATP synthase subunit B. AB = acid base.
Models represent simplifications (where possible) of a global model including four fully crossed explanatory variables as explained in Table 1 and an error variance structure crossing pCO₂, salinity and time.
Model terms were selected using AIC_c and log-likelihood ratio tests as detailed in Methods and in Supplementary Tables S7 and S8.

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