Table 3 The effect of smoking on the LV-LGE (Multivariate analysis).

	Adjusted for Clinical variables			Adjusted for Clinical variables + Medications
	OR	95% CI	p value	OR	95% CI	p value
Age (per years)	1.008	0.984–1.032	0.521	1.003	0.978–1.029	0.81
Male	1.011	0.412–2.477	0.981	1.244	0.482–3.211	1.244
LVEDV/BSA (per 1 mL/m²)	0.999	0.996–1.003	0.728	0.999	0.996–1.002	0.999
LVEF (per 1%)	0.954	0.924–0.985	0.004	0.953	0.920–0.987	0.008
Hypertension	1.533	0.755–3.115	0.237	1.55	0.748–3.215	0.239
Diabetes	0.79	0.380–1.646	0.53	0.792	0.364–1.725	0.557
Alcohol	2.751	1.062–7.125	0.037	3.239	1.196–8.774	0.021
Smoking	3.124	1.211–8.061	0.018	3.694	1.396–9.775	0.008
Medication
ACE inhibitor/ARB				0.837	0.230–3.052	0.788
Beta blocker				1.093	0.480–2.491	0.832
Loop diuretics				3.819	1.269–11.495	0.017
Aldosterone antagonist				0.664	0.255–1.725	0.4
Statin				0.881	0.430–1.803	0.728
Amiodarone				1.681	0.321–8.803	0.539

p values < 0.05 are denoted by a bold font.
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; BSA = body surface area; LVEDV = left ventricular end diastolic volume; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction.

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