Figure 2

NAD⁺ cycling principle. Schematic representation of the enzymatic alcohol dehydrogenae (ADH) cycling principle used to measure eNAD⁺, involving phenazine methosulfate (PMS) as the primary and 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) as the secondary redox indicator dye. The method was inspired by the findings of Rhodes et al.²⁰ and adjusted with insights from the research of Zhu et al.²⁴ and O’Reilly et al.¹³.