Figure 2
From: Endothelial cells release cardioprotective exosomes that may contribute to ischaemic preconditioning
HUVEC release cardioprotective exosomes. (A) Experimental protocol in which cardiomyocytes were pre-treated with HUVEC exosomes before H/R. Separate wells of cardiomyocytes were maintained in normoxic medium. Insulin pre-treatment was used as a positive control for cardioprotection. (B) Electron micrograph of purified exosomes from HUVEC cells. (C) Representative size and concentration distribution of HUVEC exosomes purified from HUVEC cells after 24 h culture, determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis. (D) Flow cytometric analysis exosome-coated microspheres confirmed the presence of exosomal marker CD63. (E,F) Percentage of dead cells after normoxic culture, after H/R, after exposure to HUVEC exosomes, or insulin (N = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
