Figure 5

Representative PVA-independent VO2-equivalent maximal elastance (eEmax) at mLVV (eEmaxmLVV) relationships at 32 °C (hypothermia, close triangle), 37 °C (normothermia, close circle), and 42 °C (hyperthermia, close square). The slope of PVA-independent VO2–eEmaxmLVV relationships indicates the O2 cost of LV contractility for Ca2+. The values are presented as mean ± SD, which are shown in Fig. 3e.