Table 1 List of the species.

From: The arrangement of lateral veins along the midvein of leaves is not related to leaf phyllotaxis

Code

Species

Family

Life form

    

Ame

Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fernald subsp. edgeworthii (Benth.) H.Ohashi var. japonica (Oliv.) H.Ohashi

Fabaceae

H(herbaceous), L(liana)

    

Atg

Acer ginnala Maxim. var. aidzuense (Franch.) Pax

Sapindaceae

W(woody), D(deciduous)

    

Auc

Aucuba japonica Thunb.

Aucubaceae

W,E(evergreen)

    

Bid

Bidens sp.a

Asteraceae

H

    

Bpt

Betula platyphylla Sukaczev var. japonica (Miq.) H.Hara

Betulaceae

W, D

    

Cay

Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep.

Vitaceae

H, L

    

Ces

Cerasus sargentii (Rehder) H.Ohba

Rosaceae

W, D

    

Coc

Cornus controversa Hemsl. ex Prain

Cornaceae

W, D

    

Cpa

Chenopodium album L.

Amaranthaceae

H

    

Cyr

Cynanchum rostellatum (Turcz.) Liede & Khanum

Apocynaceae

H, L

    

Elc

Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim.

Araliaceae

W, D

    

Eua

Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold

Celastraceae

W, D

    

Fas

Fallopia sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Ronse Decr.

Polygonaceae

H

    

Fms

Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.

Oleaceae

W, D

    

Hyp

Hydrangea paniculata Siebold

Hydrangeaceae

W, D

    

Jms

Juglans mandshurica Maxim. var. sachalinensis (Komatsu) Kitam.

Juglandaceae

W, D

    

Jpc

Justicia procumbens L.

Acanthaceae

H

    

Lgo

Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc.

Oleaceae

W, D

    

Lon

Lonicera japonica Thunb.

Caprifoliaceae

W, E, L

    

Mkb

Magnolia kobus DC. var. borealis Sarg.

Magnoliaceae

W, D

    

Oeb

Oenothera biennis L.

Onagraceae

H

    

Pas

Paederia foetida L.

Rubiaceae

H, L

    

Piq

Picrasma quassioides (D.Don) Benn.

Simaroubaceae

W, D

    

Pps

Populus suaveolens Fisch.

Salicaceae

W, D

    

Qmc

Quercus crispula Blume

Fagaceae

W, D

    

Rhd

Rhododendron brachycarpum D.Don ex G.Don

Ericaceae

W, E

    

Scs

Scutellaria strigillosa Hemsl.b

Lamiaceae

H

    

Sol

Solanum sp.c

Solanaceae

H

    

Sym

Symphytum officinale L.d

Boraginaceae

H

    

Udj

Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai

Ulmaceae

W, D

    

Code

Phyllotaxis

Leaf

Types of venation e

Height (m)

Site f

L g

N h

Ame

alternate

ternate

basal actinodromous

1.1–1.9

1, 2

60

454

Atg

opposite

simple

basal actinodromousi

2.9–5.0

1

15

173

Auc

opposite

simple

semicraspedodromous

1.9–2.2

7

15

223

Bid

opposite

pinnate

craspedodromous

0.5–1.2

1

15

321

Bpt

alternate

simple

craspedodromous

9.1–13.3

2

15

199

Cay

alternate

palmate

craspedodromous

0.3–1.0

7

15

179

Ces

alternate

simple

semicraspedodromous

1.7–9.3

1

15

223

Coc

alternate

simple

eucamptodromous

3.4–6.4

1

15

191

Cpa

alternate

simple

suprabasal actinodromous

1.0–2.3

2

50

234

Cyr

opposite

simple

semicraspedodromousi

0.5–1.1

2, 3

15

225

Elc

alternate

palmate

semicraspedodromous

1.7–2.5

3

15

195

Eua

opposite

simple

semicraspedodromous

1.0–1.7

1

15

161

Fas

alternate

simple

semicraspedodromous

2.7–2.9

3

15

306

Fms

opposite

pinnate

semicraspedodromous

5.0–27

2

15

344

Hyp

opposite

simple

eucamptodromous

1.9–3.1

5

15

155

Jms

alternate

pinnate

craspedodromous

1.7–15

1, 2

15

522

Jpc

opposite

simple

eucamptodromous

0.4–0.6

7

50

414

Lgo

opposite

simple

brochidodromous

1.4–3.4

1

15

180

Lon

opposite

simple

semicraspedodromous

0.5–2.4

7

50

418

Mkb

alternate

simple

craspedodromous

2.8–9.6

3, 5

15

250

Oeb

alternate

simple

semicraspedodromous

1.3–1.8

2

15

354

Pas

opposite

simple

semicraspedodromous

n.a.j

7

50

464

Code

Phyllotaxis

Leaf

Types of venation e

Height (m)

Site f

L g

N h

Piq

alternate

pinnate

semicraspedodromous

2–6

7

15

219

Pps

alternate

simple

craspedodromous

13–15

2, 3

15

161

Qmc

alternate

simple

craspedodromous

2.4–6.4

1

15

413

Rhd

alternate

simple

craspedodromous

2–3

1, 3

15

350

Scs

opposite

simple

semicraspedodromous

0.2–0.5

1

50

324

Sol

alternate

simple

semicraspedodromous

0.2–0.5

4

50

347

Sym

alternate

simple

reticulodromous

0.5–0.7

6

15

189

Udj

alternate

simple

craspedodromous

13–15

2

15

418

  1. aWe tentatively identified this species as Bidens frondosa, which has recently been reported as being distributed in Obihiro city67. However, because we were unsure of the identification of this species, we identified it only to the genus level.
  2. bWe did not distinguish Scutellaria strigillosa from S. strigillosa var. yezoensis (synonym: S. yezoensis).
  3. cWe tentatively identified this species as Solanum nigrum, but because there are several species within the same genus that are difficult to distinguish from each other68 we identified it only to the genus level.
  4. dWe did not distinguish Symphytum officinale from a hybrid of S. officinale and S. asperum, which may also be found in Japan69.
  5. eFollowing Leaf Architecture Working Group (LAWG)30.
  6. fSampling sites (1. The Forest of Obihiro. 2. The university. 3. The Urikari River. 4. Roadside near Obihiro station. 5. Tokachi Ecology Park. 6. The Kikankono River. 7. The Taguri River).
  7. gL: total number of leaves or leaflets analyzed for each species.
  8. hN: total number of lateral veins analyzed for each species.
  9. iThese two species (Acer and Cynanchum) had several thick veins that originated radially from the base of the leaf lamina and terminated at the tip of the lobes. Those may not have been basal primaries, if the strict definition by LAWG30 is followed, because the thickest one usually accounted for less than 74% of the width of the midvein. However, because venations of maples with lobed leaves have often been classified as actinodromous, the venations of these two species were also classified as actinodromous.
  10. jNot available: multiple vines wound together.