Figure 1
tHGA inhibits growth factor-induced hBSMCs proliferation and migration. hBMSCs were induced with growth factors and co-treated with tHGA or forskolin for 48 hours. (a) Non-cytotoxic concentration of tHGA on growth factor-induced hBSMCs was assessed through the release of LDH. Proliferation of growth factor-induced hBSMCs upon tHGA or forskolin co-treatment for 48 hours was measured through (b) BrdU proliferation assay and (c) Ki-67 mRNA expression study. Cell proliferation is presented in percentage (%). Expression of Ki-67 mRNA was normalized to internal control, GAPDH. Representative cropped gel images for Ki-67 are presented (full-length gel is presented in Supplemental Fig. S3). (d) Representative images of scratch assay at 0, 24 and 48 hours after co-treatment with growth factors and tHGA or forskolin. The number of cells migrated was normalized to the scratch area (mm2) after 24 (e) and 48 (f) hours co-treatment with growth factors and tHGA or forskolin. (g) Percentage of cells migrated to the lower chamber in transwell migration assay after 6 hours of co-treatment between growth factors and tHGA or forskolin. Results are presented as means ± SEM of 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001, significantly different from growth factor-induced hBSMCs. Fsk: Forskolin; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide.
