Table 4 Comparative analysis of demographic, ecological and socioeconomic variables stratified by four types of spatial clusters as determined by LISA, China, 2005–2016.

Median (IQR)

35 (21–47)^a

45 (32–56)^b

44 (30–57)^b

48 (34–57)^c

41 (30–53)^b

F = 185.38

<0.001^#

Male

985 (69.60)^a

270 (71.42)

229 (76.84)

215 (63.23)

1,001 (63.27)^b

χ² = 33.10

<0.001

Female

431 (30.40)^a

108 (28.58)

69 (23.16)

125 (36.77)

581 (36.73)^b

Farmer

1,136 (80.20)^a

265 (70.10)^a

212 (71.14)^a

247 (72.64)^a

1,080 (68.27)^b

χ² = 57.79

<0.001

Non-farmer

280 (19.80)^a

113 (29.90)^a

86 (28.86)^a

93 (27.36)^a

502 (31.73)^b

Mean Elevation (m)

576.01^ab (451.17–700.25)

250.94^a (190.66–311.21)

675.15^b (577.41–772.90)

207.49^a (177–45–237.52)

1,020.36^c (963.39–1077.34)

F = 82.50

<0.001

Mean monthly precipitation (mm)

106.82^a (97.45–116.19)

101.40^a (95.26–107.55)

120.67^b (117.40–123.93)

76.88^c (74.57–79.19)

62.79^d (61.08–64.49)

F = 167.25

<0.001

Rural-type counties^† (%)

100.00

93.61 (86.45–97.11)

91.45 (86.66–94.63)

76.02 (72.54–79.19)

86.60 (84.9–88.1)

χ² = 58.43

<0.001

Mean pig density (head/km²)

212.20^a (146.40–278.00)

212.49^a (181.57–243.41)

134.28^b (114.48–154.09)

190.50^a (176.43–204.58)

88.68^b (83.25–94.11)

F = 78.40

<0.001

Mean cattle density (head/km²)

7.88^a (4.14–11.62)

24.18^ab (18.06–30.29)

23.54^ab (19.73–27.35)

36.36^b (31.26–41.46)

19.62^ab (17.55–21.70)

F = 14.41

<0.001

Mean farmland production (kg/ha)

2,949.67^ab (1953.41–3945.93)

3,372.04^b (2854.01–3890.06)

1,457.58^c (1267.94–1647.22)

4,296.41^c (4080.49–4512.33)

2,315.05^a (2208.14–2421.97)

F = 99.84

<0.001

GDP^‡

440.80^a (236.61–644.98)

3,070.73^b (2042.65–4098.83)

1,427.95^c (1025.29–1830.60)

4,448.88^d (4006.23–4891.54)

1,974.07^c (1787.85–2160.30)

F = 41.99

<0.001