Figure 3
From: Novel Insect Florivory Strategy Initiates Autogamy in Unopened Allogamous Flowers
Dissecting microscope, paraffin embedded section and scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of M. capella larva-infested pre-anthesis C. canadense flowers and developing fruits. (A) SEM of flower with two sepals removed to show larva (arrow) chewing through the base of several petals. (B) SEM of flower to show that petals are completely severed, but that stamen filaments (arrow) remain intact. (C) Image of partially dissected flower with cone of desiccating petals. Larva is visible inside petal cone. Stamen filament separation (arrow) due to early development of ovary into fruit following autogamy. (D) Safranin and Fast-Green stained paraffin section showing position of larva inside petal cone. Damage to petals is apparent where larva chewed through petal cone (circles). (E) SEM of partially dissected petal cone showing dehisced anthers and pollen on stigmas. (F) Example of flower with glue applied to tips of petals to keep them from opening. (G) Larva eating an entrance hole into the side of a developing fruit post autogamy. Pollen and pollen tubes are visible on the stigma. (H) Partially dissected chasmogamous fruit containing larva and frass. C = petal; K = sepal; L = larva; O = ovary; S = stigma; Se = seed. Scale bar = 200 μm (G) 500 μm (A, B and E); 1 mm (C and D); 5 mm (F and H).
