Table 1 The effect of global drivers (pH and temperature) and oil on larvae of the northern shrimp Pandalus borealis (exposed to oil the day they hatched until 7 d post hatch and followed until all reached stage IV (day 27)) and the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (exposed to oil day 8–11(exp. 1 and followed from zygote to 6-arm pluteus) and 23–27 (exp. 2 followed until 8 arm pluteus) days post fertilisation.

From: Effects of oil and global environmental drivers on two keystone marine invertebrates

 

Control

OA

%

P

Oil

%

P

OA + Oil

%

P

Sea urchin experiment 1

Mortality rate (% day−1)

2.26 ± 0.49

2.11 ± 0.59

−7.14

 

5.42 ± 1.40

138.76

0.003

5.47 ± 1.28

140.96

0.003

BLGR (µm ln(day)−1)

76.13 ± 2.11

72.94 ± 5.43

−4.19

 

69.37 ± 4.35

−8.89

0.014

63.05 ± 4.81

−17.18

<0.001

SI

0.96 ± 0.03

0.96 ± 0.03

0.00

 

0.97 ± 0.02

1.04

 

0.97 ± 0.03

1.04

 

Sea urchin experiment 2

Mortality rate (% day−1)

2.08 ± 0.58

2.13 ± 0.74

2.50

 

2.02 ± 0.57

−2.88

 

2.10 ± 0.90

0.88

 

BLGR (µm ln(day)−1)

81.54 ± 4.84

71.33 ± 6.80

−12.52

0.010

67.62 ± 6.26

−17.07

0.002

64.34 ± 6.91

−21.09

<0.001

SI

0.95 ± 0.04

0.95 ± 0.04

−0.32

 

0.95 ± 0.04

0.00

 

0.95 ± 0.04

−0.11

 

Feeding (fluorescence exp−1)

0.08 ± 0.06

0.05 ± 0.04

−43.26

0.001

0.02 ± 0.02

−77.66

<0.001

0.01 ± 0.01

−90.05

<0.001

Activity (% active swimmers)

11.73 ± 11.11

21.83 ± 13.02

86.18

0.011

6.25 ± 4.54

−46.71

 

7.00 ± 3.80

−40.31

 

Oksygen consumption (pmol O2 ind−1 h−1 mm−1BL)

2.56 ± 0.68

2.60 ± 0.45

1.56

 

1.82 ± 0.54

−28.91

 

2.94 ± 0.64

14.84

 
 

Control

OAW

  

Oil

  

OAW + Oil

  

Shrimp

Mortality rate (% day−1)

1.13 ± 0.32

1.71 ± 0.25

51.33

<0.001

0.88 ± 0.18

22.12

 

1.76 ± 0.38

55.75

<0.001

Length of stage IV (mm)

8.74 ± 0.07

7.99 ± 0.07

−8.58

<0.001

8.30 ± 0.07

−5.03

<0.001

7.45 ± 0.06

−14.76

<0.001

Abnormality (%)

0.00

6 ± 6

6.00

 

24.04 ± 3.78

24.04

0.003

16.97 ± 7.30

16.97

0.025

Feeding (artemia ind−1 h−1)

2.84 ± 0.30

3.56 ± 0.17

25.35

 

2.21 ± 0.41

−22.18

 

2.50 ± 0.23

−11.97

 

Swimming (% where beam was broken)

0.90 ± 0.30

6.63 ± 0.65

636.66

<0.001

0.83 ± 0.75

−7.78

 

7.46 ± 0.75

728.89

<0.001

Oksygen consumption (nmole mgDW−1h−1)

62.76 ± 2.52

77.82 ± 4.96

23.99

 

51.9 ± 6.61

−17.30

 

71.37 ± 9.12

13.72

 
  1. For all treatments means ± standard deviation for each tested parameter are given. Significant treatments compared to the control are given in bold followed by a p-value from post-hoc test (Least Significant Difference (LSD)). % refers to percentage increase/decrease (−) in parameter compared to the control. Control (pH 8.0, 6.7 °C), Oil (pH 8.0, 6.7 °C + Oil), OA/OW (pH 7.6, 9.5 °C (for shrimp) and 6.7 °C (for sea urchins)), OA/OW + Oil (pH 7.6, 9.5 °C (for shrimp) and 6.7 °C (for sea urchins) + Oil). Six replicates for each treatment.
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