Figure 5

Overview of the carbon fluxes (Tg C yr−1) in the rivers, estuaries and coastal ocean in Indonesia. With the exception of the terrestrial LUC emissions, all fluxes include a portion of the natural indirect background emission from pristine peatlands of 14.4 Tg C yr−1 and the indirect background emission from non-peatlands of 13.9 Tg C yr−1, which amounts to 28.3 Tg C yr−1 in total.