Figure 1

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cytotoxicity of encapsulated NH+ and NH++ GDP formulation on HepG2 cells: A) SEM confirms no significant changes in the structure of the encapsulated NH+GDP as compared to control NH+. B) TEM images indicate unilamilar size of both control NH+ and NH+GDP. C) Viability of HepG2 cells were determined using MTT assay. Cells were treated with encapsulated (NH+GDP and NH++GDP) and control (NH+ and NH++) at indicated LPS concentration. The white bar is control NH+ and NH++ liposome and the green bar is naked GDP and encapsulated NH+GDP, NH++GDP at 10 μM. The indicated red and black bar represent LPS of different concentration (20, 30, 40 and 50 μg) with or without encapsulated NH+GDP and NH++ GDP. Cellular toxicity revealed that NH++ was more toxic at different LPS concentration in a dose dependent manner comparatively to NH+. Non-treated cells were used as 100% viability control (dotted line). Data represent means ± SD of three independent experiments. Differences were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post test. ^*p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001; ^**p< 0.05