Table 1 Practical guidelines for anaesthetic use based on our findings in goldfish.

From: Recordings in an integrating central neuron provide a quick way for identifying appropriate anaesthetic use in fish

Anaesthetic agent

Surgical conc.*

Functionality of

CNS neurons

Handling in the presence of

Scientific study of

Affected

Vanished

Noise

Light

Hearing

Vision

2-PE (ml L−1)

0.2

no

no

no

no

yes

<0.6

MS-222 (mg L−1)

60

>60

n.d.

no

≥60

<100

no

Benzocaine (mg L−1)

60

>60

>100

no

≥60

<100

no

Aqui-S (mg L−1)

10

no

no

no

no

yes

no

  1. *Required concentration according to Neiffer and Stamper28; n.d. = not determined.
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