Figure 4
From: Early Evidence for Northern Salmonid Fisheries Discovered using Novel Mineral Proxies
Mineralogical phases in the infrared spectra of burned modern bones. (A) Infrared spectra from Atlantic salmonid, brown trout, Arctic char, whitefish, pike, bream, Atlantic cod, eel, reindeer, and seal bone burned at 600 °C. The v3 and v4 phosphate mineral absorbance bands are displayed. Wavenumbers (cm−1) are specified, and bands for the neoformed minerals are labelled in red. Note the marked mineralogical difference between heated Atlantic salmonid/brown trout and the other bones. (B) Rietveld refined diffractograms for Atlantic salmonid bone burned at 600 °C and 800 °C showing the percentage of each mineral phase present and the calcium to phosphate ratio (Ca/P). Key reflectance peaks are labelled with their Miller Indices and 2⊖ diffraction angles. Note that the higher the burning temperature the more beta magnesium tricalcium phosphate forms. Abbreviations: PO4 = phosphate; HAp = hydroxylapatite; HPO4 = hydrogen phosphate; CO3 = carbonate; OH = hydroxyl; WH = whitlockite; TCP = beta magnesium tricalcium phosphate.
