Table 1 Studies on skeletal remains of plague victims: sex and age at death.

From: A critical review of anthropological studies on skeletons from European plague pits of different epochs

Geographic area

Site

Period

Sample n.

M n. (%)

F n. (%)

sex ND n. (%)

Sub-Adults n. (%)

Adults n. (%)

Age ND n. (%)

Age class most represented

Ref.

Age class

n. (%)

Southern Germany

Aschheim

5th–7th cent.

77

27 (35%)

40 (52%)

10 (13%)

26 (34%)

50 (65%)

1 (1%)

20–40

40–60

23 (30.3%)

21 (27.4%)

77

Southern Germany

Altenerding

5th–7th cent.

20

5 (25%)

6 (30%)

9 (45%)

9 (45%)

11 (55%)

 

20–40

0–6

7–12

9 (45%)

4 (20%)

4 (20%)

78

Northern

France

Le Clos des Cordeliers, Sens, Yonne

5th–6th cent.

73

14 (31.11%)

17 (37.8%)

14 (31.11%)

28 (38%)

45 (62%)

   

14

Southern France

Place Camille Jouffray, Vienne, Isère

760–880

11

1 (20%)

3 (60%)

1 (20%)

6 (55%)

5 (45%)

 

15–19

40+

3 (27.3%)

3 (27.3%)

15

Second Pandemic: 14th–18th cent.

UK

Royal Mint, East Smithfield, London

1348–1349

600

210 (50%)

167 (39%)

46 (11%)

177 (29.5)

421(70%)

2 (0.5%)

5–15

25–35

109 (18%)

99 (16.5%)

79

UK

Hereford cathedral

14th cent.

185

40 (38%)

52 (49%)

14 (13%)

79 (43%)

106 (57%)

 

5–9

20–39

28 (15%)

25 (13.5%)

17

Southern Germany

Manching Pichl, Ingolstadt

1250–1500

21

13 (62%)

6 (29%)

2 (9%)

12 (57%)

9 (43%)

 

20–40

0–6

6 (28.6%)

5 (23.8%)

80

Northern France

Saint-Pierre de Dreux (Eure-et-Loire)

14th cent.

69

11 (34%)

15 (47%)

6 (19%)

37 (54%)

32 (46%)

 

20+

1–4

32 (46.3%)

15 (21.7%)

17

Northern France

Bondy

1297–1373

12

3 (43%)

1 (14%)

3 (43%)

5 (42%)

7 (58%)

   

81

Southern France

Vilarnau, Roussilon

14th cent.

19

3 (37.5%)

5 (62.5%)

 

11 (58%)

8 (42%)

   

82

Southern France

Saint Come et Damien, Montpellier

14th cent.

13

1 (17%)

3 (50%)

2 (33%)

7 (54%)

6 (46%)

   

83

Southern France

Saint-Laurent-de-la-Cabrerisse

14th cent.

13

6 (60%)

3 (30%)

1 (10%)

3 (23%)

10 (77%)

 

20–49

50+

5 (31%)

2 (15%)

84

Northern Italy

Lazzaretto Vecchio, Venice

14th–17th cent.

331

   

92 (28%)

192 (58%)

47 (14%)

  

85

Spain

Basilica dels Sants Just i Pastor, Barcelona

14th cent.

120

7 (10%)

6 (9%)

57 (81%)

50 (42%)

70 (58%)

 

5–9

20+

13 (11%)

70 (58%)

16

Belgium

Maria Troon, Dendermonde

16th cent.

99

20 (45%)

18 (41%)

6 (14%)

55 (56%)

44 (44%)

 

5–9

10–14

22 (22.2%)

17 (17.2%)

17

Southern France

Les Fedons, Lambesc

16th cent.

133

30 (50%)

26 (43%)

4 (7%)

73 (55%)

60 (45%)

 

5–9

20–30

24 (18%)

17 (12.8%)

17

Southern Italy

Lo Quarter, Alghero

1582–1583

185

43 (45%)

51 (53%)

2 (2%)

89 (48%)

96 (52%)

 

12–20

3–11

38 (20.5%)

36 (19.5%)

86

Southern France

Puy St. Pierre, Lariey

1629–1630

34

8 (47%)

8 (47%)

1 (6%)

17 (50%)

17 (50%)

 

40–60

5–9

8 (23.5%)

7 (20.6%)

87

Northern Italy

Osservanza, Imola

1629–1630

92

33 (36%)

39 (42%)

20 (22%)

43 (47%)

49 (53%)

 

20–35

12–20

27 (29%)

20 (22%)

88

Denmark

Copenhagen

1711–1712

24

   

8 (33%)

16 (67%)

   

89

Southern France

l’Observance, Marseille

1720–1722

179

59 (46%)

58 (45%)

11 (9%)

51 (28.5)

128 (71.5%)

 

5–9

20+

20 (11.2%)

128 (71.5%)

90

Southern France

Le Delos, Martigues

1720–1722

39

9 (41%)

5 (23%)

8 (36%)

17 (44%)

22 (56%)

 

0–5

20–35

6 (15.4%)

6 (15.4%)

91

Southern France

Le Couvent des Capucins de Ferrieres, Martigues

1720–1722

208

56 (46%)

52 (43%)

14 (11%)

86 (41%)

122 (59%)

   

92

  1. ND: undetermined. Sex determination is relative to adults only, but for the samples from Aschheim, Manching Pichl, and Osservanza (Imola), for which also subadults were considered.