Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Effective nose-to-brain delivery of exendin-4 via coadministration with cell-penetrating peptides for improving progressive cognitive dysfunction

Figure 3

Distribution of exendin-4 in the brain, 15 min after a single intranasal administration of exendin-4 (2.5 mg/mL) with L- or D-penetratin (2 mM) to male ddY mice. Panels show exendin-4 levels in the plasma (A), olfactory bulb (B), hypothalamus (C), hippocampus (D), cerebral cortex (E), cerebellum (F), and brain stem (G). Columns show the results of intranasal exendin-4 administration in the absence (gray) or presence of L-penetratin (blue) or D-penetratin (red) and treatment with PBS as a vehicle (white). Each data points represents the mean ± SEM of n = 3–4. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 indicate significant difference from the control group receiving exendin-4 solution.

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