Table 2 Estimated means and variances of microbial diversity effect scores under the null hypothesis (Unit: %).

Category	Method	n = 50		n = 100
Category	Method	Mean	Variance	Mean	Variance
Item-by-item α-diversity-based association tests	Richness	−0.004	1.008	0.000	1.004
	Shannon	−0.001	1.007	−0.003	1.004
	Simpson	−0.001	1.007	−0.002	1.003
	PD	−0.002	1.004	0.000	0.997
	PE	−0.002	1.005	−0.003	0.996
	PQE	−0.001	1.010	−0.003	0.998
Adaptive α-diversity-based association test	aMiAD	−0.002	1.004	−0.001	1.001
Cherry-picking approaches	Minimum P	−0.006	2.285	−0.001	2.285
Cherry-picking approaches	Largest ES	−0.002	2.287	0.000	2.287

Minimum P and Largest ES represent the cherry-picking approaches for the smallest p-value and the largest effect size, respectively, among multiple item-by-item α-diversity-based association analyses.

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