Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants according to the presence and absence of depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10).
Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depressive | Nondepressive | p-value | Depressive | Nondepressive | p-value | |
Serum hs-CRP | <0.0001 | 0.215 | ||||
Low: less than or equal to 3.0 mg/L | 78 (3.65) | 2,059 (96.35) | 211 (7.34) | 2,664 (92.66) | ||
High: above 3.0 mg/L | 21 (8.90) | 215 (91.10) | 23 (9.79) | 212 (90.21) | ||
Age (years) | 0.678 | <0.0001 | ||||
20–29 | 11 (4.37) | 241 (95.63) | 29 (8.66) | 306 (91.34) | ||
30–39 | 20 (4.67) | 408 (95.33) | 38 (6.61) | 537 (93.39) | ||
40–49 | 16 (3.43) | 450 (96.57) | 20 (3.39) | 570 (96.61) | ||
50–59 | 12 (2.86) | 407 (97.14) | 37 (6.17) | 563 (93.83) | ||
60–69 | 21 (5.02) | 397 (94.98) | 49 (9.53) | 465 (90.47) | ||
70–79 | 15 (4.78) | 299 (95.22) | 52 (13.58) | 331 (86.42) | ||
≥80 | 4 (5.26) | 72 (94.74) | 9 (7.96) | 104 (92.04) | ||
Educational attainment | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Elementary school and below | 31 (8.68) | 326 (91.32) | 101 (43.16) | 685 (23.82) | ||
Middle school | 10 (4.05) | 237 (95.95) | 33 (14.10) | 289 (10.05) | ||
High school | 30 (3.87) | 746 (96.13) | 55 (23.50) | 902 (31.36) | ||
University or above | 28 (2.82) | 965 (97.18) | 45 (19.24) | 1,000 (34.77) | ||
Equalized household income | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Quartile 1 (low) | 43 (43.43) | 363 (15.96) | 98 (12.85) | 517 (87.15) | ||
Quartile 2 | 28 (28.28) | 557 (24.49) | 58 (10.25) | 710 (89.75) | ||
Quartile 3 | 16 (16.17) | 658 (28.94) | 56 (5.75) | 793 (94.25) | ||
Quartile 4 (high) | 12 (12.12) | 696 (30.61) | 22 (4.31) | 856 (95.69) | ||
Marital status | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Married | 47 (2.63) | 1,743 (97.37) | 118 (5.49) | 2,033 (94.51) | ||
Separated/divorced/widowed | 23 (15.03) | 130 (84.97) | 82 (14.34) | 490 (85.66) | ||
Never married | 29 (6.74) | 401 (93.26) | 34 (8.79) | 353 (91.21) | ||
Alcohol use status | 0.822 | 0.347 | ||||
No | 27 (3.95) | 656 (96.05) | 145 (7.92) | 1,685 (92.08) | ||
Yes | 72 (4.26) | 1,618 (95.74) | 89 (6.95) | 1,191 (93.05) | ||
Smoking status | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Non-smoker | 47 (2.91) | 1,568 (97.09) | 203 (6.79) | 2,788 (93.21) | ||
Smoker | 51 (6.86) | 706 (93.14) | 31 (26.05) | 88 (73.95) | ||
Chronic medical disease | 0.002 | <0.0001 | ||||
None | 48 (3.25) | 1,431 (96.75) | 107 (5.25) | 1,930 (94.75) | ||
One | 21 (4.38) | 459 (95.63) | 57 (10.16) | 504 (89.84) | ||
Two or more | 30 (7.25) | 384 (92.75) | 70 (13.67) | 442 (86.33) | ||
Residential area | 0.313 | 0.249 | ||||
Urban | 34 (3.66) | 896 (96.34) | 87 (6.87) | 1,180 (93.13) | ||
Rural | 65 (4.50) | 1,378 (95.50) | 147 (7.98) | 1,696 (92.02) | ||
BMI | 0.026 | 0.019 | ||||
Underweight | 7 (11.67) | 53 (88.33) | 7 (4.90) | 136 (95.10) | ||
Normal weight | 56 (4.16) | 1291 (95.84) | 133 (6.67) | 1860 (93.33) | ||
Overweight | 30 (3.58) | 809 (96.42) | 77 (9.53) | 731 (90.47) | ||
Obesity | 6 (4.72) | 121 (95.28) | 17 (10.24) | 149 (89.76) | ||
Menopause (females only) | <0.0001 | |||||
No | 85 (5.51) | 1459 (94.49) | ||||
Yes | 149 (9.51) | 1417(90.49) | ||||
Participants | 99 (4.17) | 2274 (95.83) | 234 (7.52) | 2876 (92.48) | ||
