Figure 2

HFD, HFD + high fructose and HTFD + high fructose ad libitum (O) groups have increased total resistance of the respiratory system (Rrs) in response to methacholine as compared to chow diet group (*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001). The Rrs values were normalized to baseline (no significant difference between groups at baseline). No difference in Rrs was observed between CD and caloric restricted groups.