Figure 1

Experimental Task Design Participants were initially presented 4 stimuli in two different colours for 2000ms. After a delay, participants were either presented with a retrocue and one of three unexpected financial outcomes. In the cue-outcome condition (shown), participants were first presented a retrocue, the colour of which indicated what items needed to be retained. For example, if a yellow coloured cue was presented, participants had to remember ONLY the yellow shapes. Following this, participants were presented with 1 of three financial outcomes (unrelated to performance). Presentation of a loss or win indicated that participants either lost or won £1 respectively. A neutral condition indicated that participants neither won nor lost money. In contrast to the cue-outcome condition, in the outcome-cue conditions the order of these two events was reversed. Participants’ memory was probed by having to identify which of the two shapes matched the shape of one of the target shapes (indicated by the colour cue). In half of the trials the foil shapes presented next to the target where novel, in the other half of trials the shapes were drawn from one of the non-cued shapes. For example, in the above example, if the cue was yellow the distracter items would be one of the pink shapes. After identification, participants were required to drag the item to the location in which they remember it being presented.