Figure 3

Sex differences in microbiota in mice treated with dietary emulsifiers. Male and female C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to drinking water containing CMC or P80 (1%) in the present study and in data previously reported in Extended Data Fig. 3 in Chassaing et al.²⁶. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of the unweighted UniFrac distance matrix of fecal microbiota showing clustering by sex in (A,C) water-, (E,G) CMC- and (I,K) P80- treated mice. Sex of the mice is indicated by point color (red, female; green, male). Linear discriminant analysis coupled with Effect Size (LEfSe) was used to identify taxa that differ significantly between male and female mice within water, CMC, and P80 treatments.