Figure 9 | Scientific Reports

Figure 9

From: Prominent action of butyrate over β-hydroxybutyrate as histone deacetylase inhibitor, transcriptional modulator and anti-inflammatory molecule

Figure 9

Opposite actions of NaBut and NaR-βOHB on inflammatory markers in HMEC-1. (A) Analysis of inflammatory gene expression in quiescent HMEC-1 cells treated with 5 mM NaBut or 20 mM NaR-βOHB for 6 h. Results are the average +/− SD of 3 independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc test. *significantly lower than control, p < 0.05; **significantly higher than control, p < 0.05. (B) Analysis of inflammatory gene expression in LPS-activated HMEC-1 cells treated with 5 mM NaBut and 20 mM NaR-βOHB. Cells were incubated with butyrates for 6 hours, with addition of 100 ng/ml LPS in the last 4 hours of incubation. Results are the average +/−SD of 3 independent experiments. Statistical analysis was as in panel A. *significantly higher than control, p < 0.05; #significantly lower than the LPS treatment condition, p < 0.05; ##significantly higher than the LPS treatment condition, p < 0.05.

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