Figure 8

Exosomes injected into pregnant mice traffic to the fetal tissues and induce inflammatory changes in the fetal membranes but not the placenta. (A–C) Western blot analysis and densitometry quantitation show significant activation of NF-κB (as determined by RelA phosphorylation), COX-2, and the prosenescence marker p38 MAPK in E18 exosome-injected mice compared to PBS- or E9 exosome-injected mice. No significant difference in proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels was observed regardless of the treatment. Full-length blots and corresponding loading controls are presented in Supplemental Fig. 5. (D–F) Western blot and densitometry analysis of NF-κB activation (as determined by RelA phosphorylation), COX-2, and p38 MAPK expression in the placenta show no significant difference in the activation of the prosenescence marker p38 MAPK and inflammatory markers NF-κB, COX-2, and IL-6 between the treatment and control groups. Full-length blots and corresponding loading controls are presented in Supplemental Fig. 6.