Table 1 Comparison of maternal characteristics of fresh human milk and control groups.
Maternal Characteristics | Fresh Human Milk N = 98 | Controla N = 109 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age of mothers (years), mean ± SD | 30.6 ± 5.5 | 29.8 ± 5.7 | 0.26 |
Pregnancy weight (kg), mean ± SD | 58.2 ± 7.8 | 57.2 ± 5.8 | 0.31 |
Marital status (married), n (%) | 97(99) | 107(98) | 0.50 |
Education | <0.01 | ||
Elementary school, n (%) | 7(7) | 7(6) | |
High school, n (%) | 47(48) | 84(77) | |
Trade certificate, n (%) | 5(5) | 10(9) | |
Professional registration, n (%) | 0 | 1(1) | |
College diploma, n (%) | 16(16) | 3(3) | |
University degree, n (%) | 23(23) | 4(4) | |
Conception by assisted reproductive technology, n (%) | 7(7) | 17(16) | 0.20 |
Antenatal corticosteroid, n (%) | 47(50) | 13(12) | <0.01 |
Gestational diabetes, n (%) | 11(11) | 4(4) | 0.11 |
Hypertension or pre-eclampsia, n (%) | 18(18) | 11(10) | 0.31 |
MgSO4 during labour, n (%) | 25(26) | 4(4) | <0.01 |
Clinical chorioamnionitis, n (%) | 8 (8) | 7(6) | 0.80 |
Antenatal bleeding, n (%) | 10(10) | 22(20) | 0.14 |
Postpartum haemorrhage, n (%) | 2(2) | 8(7) | 0.37 |
Length of ROM, n (%) | 0.04 | ||
<24 hours | 68(69) | 91(83) | |
24 hours to 1 week | 17(17) | 10(9) | |
>1 week | 6(6) | 1(1) | |
Unknown | 7(7) | 7(6) | |
Labor initiation (spontaneous), n (%) | 63(64) | 78(72) | 0.22 |
Mode of delivery, n (%) | 0.69 | ||
Vaginal | 64(65) | 78(69) | |
Assisted vaginal | 1(1) | 2(2) | |
Emergency caesarean | 26(27) | 22(20) | |
Elective Caesarean | 7(7) | 7(6) | |
Presentation (vertex), n (%) | 84(86) | 99(91) | 0.26 |
