Figure 2

Morphological abnormalities and related factors in the cabbage white butterflies that consumed contaminated leaves. (a,b) Adult achievement rate (%) (a) and the total normality rate (%) (b). Mean values of 3 trials are shown with standard deviation bars. P-values of Steel tests (in reference to the Okinawa group) are also shown. (c) Scatter plots of the total normality rate (%) against the radioactivity concentration in cabbage leaves [Bq/kg]. Each dot represents a single trial. Different shapes and colors of dots indicate different species of radionuclides in obtaining radioactivity concentrations in cabbage leaves. (d) Adult abnormality rate (%) and its abnormality profile. Mean values are shown. Proportions of abnormalities in wings (W), proboscises (Pr), trunk (T), palpi (Pa), and valva (V) are indicated. (e) Adult abnormality score based on the scoring system. P-values were obtained from Steel tests in reference to the Okinawa group. (f) Examples of wing abnormalities from the Ohara and Iitate groups. (g) Examples of proboscis abnormality from the Baba group. (h) A case of abnormality in left valva from the Iitate group.