Table 1 Demographics, Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Clinical dementia rating (CDR) scores, and Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) plasma elemental measurements.
From: Pattern of Altered Plasma Elemental Phosphorus, Calcium, Zinc, and Iron in Alzheimer’s Disease
Cognitively Normal | Alzheimer’s Disease | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
n | 44 | 44 | — |
Age (years) | 76.0 ± 5.3 | 77.5 ± 6.2 | 0.13 |
Females (n, %) | 24 (53) | 24 (57) | 0.78 |
MMSE | 28.90 ± 1.30 | 20.80 ± 4.60 | 1.11 × 10−17 |
CDR total score | 0.05 ± 0.10 | 1.10 ± 0.60 | 6.30 × 10−20 |
APOEε4-positive (n, %) | 17 (38) | 24 (57) | 0.04 |
Phosphorus@ (mg/l) | 47.71 ± 31.89 | 105.02 ± 40.50 | 1.33 × 10−12 |
Calcium# (mg/l) | 78.44 ± 34.69 | 94.64 ± 39.83 | 0.03 |
Iron# (mg/l) | 1.51 ± 1.07 | 1.30 ± 0.76 | 0.55 |
Copper@ (mg/l) | 1.08 ± 0.42 | 1.02 ± 0.44 | 0.70 |
Selenium@ (mg/l) | 0.112 ± 0.049 | 0.106 ± 0.067 | 0.61 |
Zinc# (mg/l) | 0.79 ± 0.44 | 1.02 ± 0.64 | 0.93 |
Phosphorus/Calcium | 0.60 ± 0.28 | 1.14 ± 0.28 | 0.30 |
