Table 1 Patient characteristics and perioperative parameters.
Characteristic | Partial nephrectomy | Radical nephrectomy | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient population, n | 466 | 276 | |
Demographic data | |||
Age, years | 56 (47–65) | 61 (52–69) | <0.001 |
Female, n | 128 (27.5) | 80 (29.0) | 0.656 |
Body-mass index, kg/m2 | 24.5 (22.5–26.7) | 24.4 (22.5–26.3) | 0.169 |
Background medical status | |||
Hypertension, n | 175 (37.6) | 139 (50.4) | 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus, n | 65 (13.9) | 48 (17.4) | 0.207 |
Cerebrovascular accident, n | 11 (2.4) | 4 (1.4) | 0.394 |
Preoperative hemoglobin, g/dl | 14.1 (12.9–15.1) | 13.4 (12.0–14.6) | <0.001 |
Preoperative serum albumin level, mg/dl | 4.4 (4.2–4.6) | 4.3 (4.0–4.5) | <0.001 |
Preoperative serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.90 (0.79–1.04) | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | <0.001 |
Preoperative GFR, calculated by MDRD | 83 (72–95) | 76 (64–87) | <0.001 |
Preoperative stage of CKD | |||
GFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 158 (33.9) | 57 (20.7) | <0.001 |
60 ≤ GFR < 89 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 276 (59.2) | 163 (59.1) | |
45 ≤ GFR < 59 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 25 (5.4) | 41 (14.9) | |
30 ≤ GFR < 44 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 7 (1.5) | 15 (5.4) | |
Preoperative proteinuria, n | 33 (7.1) | 59 (21.4) | <0.001 |
Preoperative ESR, mm/h | 8 (4–16) | 33 (14–62) | <0.001 |
Preoperative C-reactive protein, mg/L | 0.08 (0.02–0.31) | 0.26 (0.09–1.74) | 0.010 |
Operation and anesthesia details | |||
Surgery type, n | |||
Laparoscopic | 27 (5.8) | 78 (28.3) | <0.001 |
Hand-assisted laparoscopic | — | 22 (8.0) | |
Robot-assisted | 72 (15.5) | 3 (1.1) | |
Open | 367 (78.8) | 173 (62.7) | |
Clinical stage | |||
T 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9 | 400/51/10/0/0/0/0/0/2 | 111/50/62/15/14/11/1/7/3 | <0.001 |
N 0/1 | 462/2 | 246/28 | |
M 0/1 | 459/5 | 249/25 | |
Operation time, hour | 2.33 (1.75–3.00) | 2.23 (1.67–3.00) | 0.450 |
Anesthesia technique | |||
Inhalational agent, n | 412 (88.4) | 263 (95.3) | 0.002 |
Total intravenous agent, n | 54 (11.6) | 13 (4.7) | 0.002 |
Renal ischemic time, min | 24 (17–31) | — | — |
Intraoperative mean blood pressure, mmHg | 65 (60–71) | 66 (61–70) | 0.675 |
Intraoperative dopamine/dobutamine infusion, n | — | 1 (0.4) | — |
Intraoperative phenylephrine/norepinephrine infusion, n | 5 (1.1) | 4 (1.4) | 0.878 |
Bleeding and transfusion amount | |||
pRBC transfusion, n | 39 (5.3) | 53 (7.1) | <0.001 |
pRBC transfusion, units | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | <0.001 |
Estimated blood loss, ml | 200 (100–350) | 200 (100–450) | 0.477 |
Input and output during surgery | |||
Intraoperative average urine flow rate, ml/kg/hr | 1.11 (0.60–1.78) | 0.77 (0.37–1.56) | <0.001 |
Crystalloid administration, ml | 1200 (800–1650) | 1150 (800–1600) | 0.815 |
Colloid administration, ml | 0 (0–300) | 0 (0–500) | 0.026 |
Net fluid balance during surgery, ml/kg | 12.9 (8.1–18.0) | 13.9 (8.6–22.3) | 0.022 |
Outcome | |||
Length of hospital stay, days | 5 (5–6) | 6 (5–8) | 0.048 |
Complications | |||
Urine leakage, n | 3 (0.6) | 3 (1.1) | 0.515 |
Prolonged ileus, n | 7 (1.5) | 2 (0.7) | 0.350 |
Wound infection, n | 7 (1.5) | 3 (1.1) | 0.635 |
Retroperitoneal abscess, n | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) | 0.708 |
Pneumonia, n | — | 1 (0.4) | 0.194 |
