Table 2 Effects of glutamine starvation and ammonia supplementation on AMPK and mTORC1 signalling and cell growth. Upward and downward arrows indicate an increase or decrease in kinase activity or increase in cell growth respectively. Two-way arrows indicate no change.
Cell line | Gln starvation (compared to + Gln) | NH4Cl supplementation (compared to −Gln) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acute (15 mins) | Acute (15 mins) | Acute (6 hrs) | Day 3 | ||||||
AMPK activation | mTORC1 activation | AMPK activation | mTORC1 activation | AMPK activation | mTORC1 activation | Growth | AMPK activation | mTORC1 activation | |
HEK293 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ |
Huh7 | ↑ | ↔ | ↔ | ↑ | ↔ | ↑ | ↑ | — | — |
T47D | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↔ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
MCF7 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↔ | ↑ | ↑ | — | — |