Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study population by serum uric acid levels*.

From: Hyperuricemia Predicts an Early Decline in Renal Function among Older People: A Community-Based Cohort Study

Characteristics

All

Serum Uric Acid (mg/dL)

P value

2.0–2.9

3.0–3.9

4.0–4.9

5.0–5.9

6.0–6.9

7.0–7.9

8.0–8.9

8.0–9.9

≥10

Number of participants

44,078

522

2,656

7,708

11,076

10,047

6,435

3,387

1,344

903

 

Demographics

  Male

23,202 (52.6)

165 (31.6)

713 (26.8)

2,577 (33.4)

5,179 (46.8)

6,070 (60.4)

4,431 (68.9)

2,451 (72.4)

966 (71.9)

650 (72.0)

<0.001

  Age, years

71 (9)

71 (9)

69 (9)

69 (9)

70 (10)

71 (9)

72 (9)

72 (9)

73 (8)

74 (8)

<0.001

  Smoking

3,718 (8.4)

22 (4.2)

124 (4.7)

440 (5.7)

796 (7.2)

940 (9.4)

735 (11.4)

382 (11.3)

158 (11.8)

121 (13.4)

<0.001

  Alcohol use

6,200 (14.1)

40 (7.7)

227 (8.5)

773 (10.0)

1,501 (13.6)

1,585 (15.8)

1,156 (18.0)

592 (17.5)

195 (14.5)

131 (14.5)

<0.001

  BMI, kg/m2

24.0 (4.2)

22.6 (4.4)

22.8 (4.3)

23.2 (4.1)

23.7 (4.1)

24.3 (4.0)

24.7 (4.1)

25.0 (4.1)

25.1 (4.4)

25.2 (4.5)

<0.001

Comorbidity

  Hypertension

23,352 (53.0)

238 (45.6)

1,220 (45.9)

3,551 (46.1)

5,614 (50.7)

5,432 (54.1)

3,727 (57.9)

2,089 (61.7)

859 (63.9)

622 (68.9)

<0.001

  Diabetes

4,560 (10.3)

63 (12.1)

311 (11.7)

801 (10.4)

1,133 (10.2)

1,019 (10.1)

648 (10.1)

329 (9.7)

162 (12.1)

94 (10.4)

0.086

  Dyslipidemia

22,584 (51.2)

269 (51.5)

1,382 (52.0)

4,136 (53.7)

5,761 (52.0)

5,050 (50.3)

3,182 (49.4)

1,673 (49.4)

682 (50.7)

449 (49.7)

<0.001

  CAD

4,775 (10.8)

52 (10.0)

256 (9.6)

751 (9.7)

1,051 (9.5)

1,105 (11.0)

806 (12.5)

449 (13.3)

172 (12.8)

133 (14.7)

<0.001

  CVD

340 (0.8)

5 (1.0)

24 (0.9)

48 (0.6)

83 (0.7)

77 (0.8)

51 (0.8)

27 (0.8)

18 (1.3)

7 (0.8)

0.353

Blood pressure, mmHg

Systolic

133 (27)

130 (24)

130 (27)

131 (25)

133 (26)

134 (27)

135 (27)

136 (26)

137 (27)

138 (26)

<0.001

Diastolic

76 (15)

76 (13)

75 (14)

75 (15)

76 (14)

77 (14)

77 (15)

79 (16)

78 (16)

79 (16)

<0.001

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

          

<0.001

≥90

4,920 (11.2)

101 (19.3)

645 (24.3)

1,576 (20.4)

1,456 (13.1)

764 (7.6)

262 (4.1)

77 (2.3)

28 (2.1)

11 (1.2)

 

60–89

25,120 (57.0)

323 (61.9)

1,533 (57.7)

4,687 (60.8)

6,939 (62.6)

6,034 (60.1)

3,438 (53.4)

1,448 (42.8)

479 (35.6)

239 (26.5)

 

45–59

10,466 (23.7)

80 (15.3)

401 (15.1)

1,196 (15.5)

2,167 (19.6)

2,537 (25.3)

2,016 (31.3)

1,272 (37.6)

466 (34.7)

331 (36.7)

 

30–44

2,892 (6.6)

12 (2.3)

65 (2.4)

206 (2.7)

443 (4.0)

590 (5.9)

565 (8.8)

476 (14.1)

296 (22.0)

239 (26.5)

 

15–29

526 (1.2)

5 (1.0)

5 (0.2)

24 (0.3)

46 (0.4)

93 (0.9)

124 (1.9)

92 (2.7)

65 (4.8)

72 (8.0)

 

<15

154 (0.3)

1 (0.2)

7 (0.3)

19 (0.2)

25 (0.2)

29 (0.3)

30 (0.5)

22 (0.6)

10 (0.7)

11 (1.2)

 

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

198 (47)

198 (45)

199 (47)

201 (47)

199 (48)

197 (46)

195 (47)

195 (49)

196 (49)

195 (52)

<0.001

Triglyceride, mg/dL

106 (72)

84.5 (56)

91 (56)

96 (60)

103 67)

112 (76)

119 (77)

125 (83)

133 (89)

139 102)

<0.001

HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

49 (18)

55 (26)

55.2 (25)

54 (22)

50 (18)

47.3 (15)

46.1 (13)

46 (12)

45 (10)

44 (9)

<0.001

WBC count, /mm3

5780 (1890)

5460 (1900)

5400 (1855)

5500 (1800)

5700 (1720)

5800 (1820)

5990 (1900)

6110 (1920)

6105 (2115)

6450 (2160)

<0.001

Albumin, g/dL

4.3 (0.4)

4.3 (0.4)

4.3 (0.4)

4.3 (0.4)

4.3 (0.4)

4.3 (0.4)

4.3 (0.4)

4.4 (0.4)

4.4 (0.4)

4.3 (0.4)

<0.001

Hemoglobin, g/dL

13.6 (1.7)

13.1 (1.6)

1.31 (1.4)

13.3 (1.6)

13.5 (1.6)

13.7 (1.7)

13.9 (1.8)

13.9 (1.9)

13.8 (2.1)

13.6 (2.2)

<0.001

Fasting glucose, mg/dL

99 (18)

97 (16)

97 (17)

98 (17)

99 (17)

99 (18)

101 (19)

101 (19)

102 (21)

102 (22)

<0.001

  1. *Values for categorical variables are given as number (percentage); values for continuous variables are given as median (interquartile range).
  2. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation; WBC, white blood cell
  3. SI conversion factors: To convert uric acid value to μmol/L, multiply by 59.485; blood pressure value to pascal, multiply by 133.3; cholesterol (total or HDL-cholesterol) value to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259; triglyceride value to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0113; WBC count to ×109/L, multiply by 0.001; albumin value to g/L, multiply by 10; hemoglobin value to g/L, multiply by 10; glucose value to mmol/L, multiply by 0.055.
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