Figure 1

RNS System patients and experimental system. (A) During the face-profession task, patients were shown pairs of novel faces and common professions and asked to form an association. Following a distraction task, patients were cued with the previously seen faces and asked to freely recall the associated professions. (B) The clinical RNS System and Research Accessories (RAs), including Wand Accessory (WA) and Programmer Accessory (PA). (C) 3-dimensional reconstruction of neurostimulator and lead placement (red). Yellow dots are hippocampal depth lead electrodes, which can record and stimulate (although stimulation was turned off during the experiment). (D) Top Row. Head CT of Patient R1 with neurostimulator and left hippocampal depth and mesial temporal subdural lead electrodes (red arrows), coronal (left) and sagittal (right) views. Additional leads present but not connected to neurostimulator, include: left basal temporal neocortical and lateral temporal neocortex. Bottom Row. Head CT of Patient R2 with neurostimulator and bilateral hippocampal depth lead electrodes, with coronal and sagittal views. Additional leads present but not connected to neurostimulator are located in the bilateral basal temporal regions. Patient R3 had similar bilateral hippocampal depth electrode placements (not shown). NeuroPace and RNS are registered trademarks of NeuroPace, Inc. Faces in Panel A are reused from the Chicago Face Database (CFD) under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 open access license¹⁵. @Neuropace, Inc image from Panel B is reused with permission from NeuroPace, Inc.