Figure 6

Effect of PGNO-treated DI water and 0.5 mM phosphate buffer on spinach growth. (a) Number of seedlings survived after 35 days post-treatment with differently diluted PGNO water and phosphate buffer. Fifty seeds were used in each treatment and percentage of survived seedlings number after 35 days was calculated. The measurement was repeated 3 times and averaged. These 3 repeated measurements were used for statistical analysis. *p < 0.05. (b) Average shoot and root length of individual plant grown for 35 days after treatment with differently diluted PGNO water and phosphate buffer. Length was individually measured from 76–121 plants per treatment, and all measurements were used for statistical analysis. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. (c) Average dry weight of individual plant grown for 35 days after treatment with differently diluted PGNO water and phosphate buffer. Total dry weight of 22–45 plants per treatment was measured, and the average dry weight of individual plant was calculated by dividing total dry weight by the number of plants. These measurements and calculations were repeated 3 times and averaged again. Three replicates were used for statistical analysis. (d) Picture of plants grown for 35 days after treatment with differently diluted PGNO water and phosphate buffer.