Table 1 Acoustic properties (mean ± SD; n = sample size) of the clicks of Yponomeuta evonymella (14 individuals) and Y. cagnagella (nine individuals) from 10 consecutive wingbeat cycles. Peak, low and high (highest and lowest frequency 15 dB below the amplitude of the peak frequency) frequencies were measured from spectra (Hamming window size 1024). Peak-equivalent source levels at 0.1 m were measured from waveforms and turned into detection ranges using an adaptation of the sonar equation.
From: Deaf moths employ acoustic Müllerian mimicry against bats using wingbeat-powered tymbals
Species | Y. evonymella | Y. cagnagella |
|---|---|---|
Source Level (dB peSPL 0.1 m) | 57.5 ± 2.6 (n = 140) | 64.5 ± 0.6 (n = 90) |
Peak Frequency (kHz) | 37.8 ± 5.6 (n = 140) | 43.5 ± 3.9 (n = 90) |
Low Frequency (kHz) | 23.1 ± 2.52 (n = 140) | 21.2 ± 1.8 (n = 90) |
High Frequency (kHz) | 67.9 ± 9.72 (n = 140) | 97.1 ± 2.9 (n = 90) |
Click Detection Distance (m) | 8.1 ± 0.6 (n = 140) | 10.5 ± 0.8 (n = 90) |
Click Duration (μs) | 26.3 ± 3.3 (n = 280) | 28.9 ± 3.6 (n = 180) |
Lower Burst Click Duration (μs) | 27.4 ± 2.5 (n = 140) | 26.6 ± 6.7 (n = 90) |
Upper Burst Click Duration (μs) | 25.2 ± 3.3 (n = 140) | 31.1 ± 5.0 (n = 90) |
Duty Cycle (%) | 1.9 ± 0.4 (n = 280) | 3.4 ± 0.8 (n = 180) |
Number of Clicks per Burst | 11.9 ± 1.1 (n = 280) | 18.8 ± 4.1 (n = 180) |
