Figure 4

Atomic structures, band structures, and DOSs of the surface phonon for the (a) (111)B In vacancy α(2 × 2) and (b) (111)B In vacancy β(2 × 2) in InAs. The arrows denote the surface phonon mode at the \(\bar{{\Gamma }}\) point with (a) a negative frequency and (b) the highest frequency for the atoms at the uppermost layer. The projection of bulk phonon dispersion onto the 2D Brillouin zone is also shown as a shaded area.