Table 2 Significantly enriched genes of the p53 signaling pathway (p < 0.05, fold change ≥ ±1.5).

From: Methylglyoxal down-regulates the expression of cell cycle associated genes and activates the p53 pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Gene symbol

Gene name

Functiona

Fold change

800 µM MGO × Control: p53 pathway

CDK1

cyclin dependent kinase 1

repressed upon p53 activation

−7.40

CCNB2

cyclin B2

repressed upon p53 activation

−6.02

CCNB1

cyclin B1

repressed upon p53 activation

−5.22

RRM2

ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2

repressed upon p53 activation

−4.41

GTSE1

G-2 and S-phase expressed 1

negative regulator of p53

−3.20

SESN3

sestrin 3

p53 mediatorb

−2.34

CCNG2

cyclin G2

negative regulator of p53

−1.71

ATM

ATM serine/threonine kinase

activator of p53

−1.64

CHEK1

checkpoint kinase 1

repressed upon p53 activation

−1.51

CDKN1A

cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21)

p53 mediator of growth arrest

+1.50

PMAIP1

phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein (noxa)

p53 mediator of apoptosis

+1.54

FAS

Fas cell surface death receptor

p53 mediator of apoptosis

+1.55

GADD45B

growth arrest and DNA damage inducible beta

p53 mediator of apoptosis

+1.96

SESN2

sestrin 2

p53 mediator of growth arrest

+1.97

IGFBP3

insulin like growth factor binding protein 3

p53 mediator of apoptosis

+3.07

  1. aFunction derived from current literature.
  2. bOnly sestrin 1 and 2 are direct transcriptional targets of p53. Sestrin 3 is primarily activated by the FoxO family.