Figure 2

Effects of starvation on the mean (+SE) number of total (a), mature (b) embryos, and offspring (c) produced, and on the mean (+SE) volume of the largest embryos in each ovariole (d) of alate Sitobion avenae adults under different starvation and feeding treatments. Bars with an asterisk show significant differences between fed and starved aphids at the same stage after emergence (Mann-Whitney U test: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, means without an asterisk are not significant at P > 0.05).