Table 2 Starch measurements from experimental stones*.

From: Morphological changes in starch grains after dehusking and grinding with stone tools

Lab No

Tool Type

Plant name

Length (cm)

Width (cm)

Lithology

Sampling spot

Data of starch grains recovered from stones after dehusking

Data of starch grains recovered from stones after grinding

mean size (um)

minimum size (um)

maximum size (um)

size >14um (n)

process time (minute)

Total (n)

mean size (um)

minimum size (um)

maximum size (um)

size >14um (n)

process time (minute)

Total (n)

a

slab

Qimengkelake

9.3

7.2

sandstone

Xindian village

11.4 ± 3.8

7.2

15.6

1

40

2

11.7 ± 2.8

6.3

27.6

31

10

149

muller

Qimengkelake

6.2

3.9

sandstone

Xindian village

 

12.5 ± 3.1

7.1

25.3

25

 

150

b

slab

Gouzhuagu

7.5

6.7

sandstone

Xindian village

53

11.8 ± 3.3

6.1

26.1

21

21

150

muller

Gouzhuagu

5.2

3.8

sandstone

Xindian village

14.5 ± 0.0

14.5

14.5

1

 

1

11.3 ± 2.7

6.0

27.9

32

 

161

c

slab

Maomaodouzhimaliang

10.2

8.7

sandstone

Xindian village

10.2 ± 2.8

6.1

15.3

1

38

3

12.2 ± 3.3

9.8

25.3

29

17

166

muller

Maomaodouzhimaliang

6.2

5.7

shale

Xindian village

 

11.9 ± 2.8

6.1

24.9

36

 

186

d

slab

Kaoshanmen

5.5

4.3

shale

Xindian village

11.3 ± 1.0

10.3

12.3

0

76

2

12.6 ± 3.5

6.1

34.4

27

23

144

muller

Kaoshanmen

3.7

2.6

sandstone

Xindian village

13.7 ± 0.0

13.7

13.7

0

 

1

13.1 ± 4.2

6.9

29.1

32

 

175

e

slab

Zhushusu

7.2

6.8

sandstone

Xindian village

10.8 ± 2.7

6.8

16.7

1

49

4

11.9 ± 3.0

6.8

26.7

33

11

167

muller

Zhushusu

4.2

3.7

sandstone

Xindian village

8.3 ± 2.4

5.9

10.9

0

 

3

11.4 ± 2.4

6.0

30.9

31

 

159

f

slab

Mingu

8.4

6.8

sandstone

Xindian village

12.6 ± 2.5

10.5

14.2

0

68

3

11.8 ± 2.8

6.1

22.3

26

19

179

muller

Mingu

5.8

3.2

sandstone

Xindian village

 

10.8 ± 3.0

7.1

21.9

21

 

179

g

slab

Yugu

8.6

7.4

sandstone

Xindian village

11.5 ± 0.0

11.5

11.5

0

83

1

13.6 ± 3.7

7.6

24.9

44

25

147

muller

Yugu

6.1

5.6

limestone

Xindian village

12.1 ± 1.6

6.8

16.9

1

 

3

12.4 ± 2.9

8.1

23.6

56

 

178

h

slab

Qutangxiaomi

6.6

5.3

sandstone

Xindian village

11.6 ± 0.0

11.6

11.6

0

90

1

12.0 ± 2.8

6.9

21.2

37

27

167

muller

Qutangxiaomi

5.1

4.6

sandstone

Xindian village

5.1 ± 0.0

5.1

5.1

0

 

1

11.8 ± 3.0

6.4

20.9

40

 

172

i

slab

Huangkegouweisu

6.2

5.7

sandstone

Xindian village

78

11.7 ± 2.7

6.8

22.7

18

23

144

muller

Huangkegouweisu

3.7

3.1

sandstone

Xindian village

 

11.0 ± 2.7

5.9

21.6

23

 

152

j

slab

Zheng No. 468

8.3

4.2

sandstone

Xindian village

8.3 ± 1.3

5.2

9.9

0

40

3

12.0 ± 3.0

5.5

23.0

27

17

171

muller

Zheng No. 468

4.9

3.7

sandstone

Xindian village

6.9 ± 0.0

6.9

6.9

0

 

1

11.6 ± 2.8

5.8

27.4

24

 

186

k

slab

Shaonong No. 11

6.3

5.8

sandstone

Xindian village

45

14.7 ± 3.4

7.9

29.6

27

15

156

muller

Shaonong No. 11

3.8

2.9

sandstone

Xindian village

12.4 ± 2.4

10.7

14.0

1

 

2

15.4 ± 3.4

8.7

30.2

31

 

167

l

slab

Baigu

7.2

7.1

sandstone

Xindian village

7.2 ± 0.0

7.2

7.2

0

43

1

13.2 ± 4.0

6.9

29.4

37

14

172

muller

Baigu

6.3

4.9

sandstone

Xindian village

 

12.9 ± 3.9

5.9

28.5

29

 

175

m

slab

Jishu No. 1

5.7

5.3

sandstone

Xindian village

7.8 ± 0.0

7.8

7.8

0

38

1

9.6 ± 2.7

5.1

15.5

9

16

168

muller

Jishu No. 1

3.6

2.7

sandstone

Xindian village

 

9.3 ± 1.8

5.3

16.0

11

 

175

n

slab

Jinshu No. 4

6.7

5.3

sandstone

Xindian village

7.3 ± 1.8

5.5

9.1

0

27

2

9.1 ± 2.3

5.8

14.9

7

11

147

muller

Jinshu No. 4

4.2

3.0

sandstone

Xindian village

 

8.5 ± 2.1

6.0

15.8

11

 

145

o

slab

Jinsegouweicao

7.6

6.3

sandstone

Xindian village

21

8.1 ± 2.0

5.5

12.3

0

8

146

muller

Jinsegouweicao

3.7

2.8

shale

Xindian village

 

8.2 ± 2.1

5.7

11.8

0

 

145

p

slab

Judagouweicao

6.7

3.7

sandstone

Xindian village

40

7.9 ± 1.8

5.3

10.8

0

15

150

muller

Judagouweicao

3.8

2.1

sandstone

Xindian village

 

7.7 ± 1.6

5.1

11.2

0

 

172

q

slab

Zhouyegouweicao

6.9

4.7

sandstone

Xindian village

52

8.0 ± 2.2

5.3

11.0

0

19

167

muller

Zhouyegouweicao

4.5

2.8

sandstone

Xindian village

 

7.5 ± 1.7

5.1

12.0

0

 

168

  1. *Annotation: No starch was collected from the unused facet of the sandstone tools from the group aq. “—” Indicates no starch was recovered from the sampled material.