Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Intranasal and epicutaneous administration of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists provides protection against influenza A virus-induced morbidity in mice

Figure 1

Effects of imiquimod and aldara on body weight loss induced by IAV. Naïve mice (vehicle; PBS) or mice infected with Hk x-31 at (A) 105 PFU/mouse or (B) 103 PFU/mouse, with daily intranasal treatments of either imiquimod (50 µg) or vehicle (PBS: DMSO; 1%), starting 1 day prior to infection up until one day prior to cull. Alternatively, in (C), mice were treated once daily with aldara (25 mg) or control on the back of the ear via epicutaneous application and infected with 104 PFU/mouse of Hk x-31 or control (PBS). Data are represented as mean ± SEM of n = 7–13 mice. Data are expressed as % in body weight change from day −1, with statistical analysis conducted via a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. *, **, and **** indicates p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.0001 against vehicle control, respectively. #, ##, and ### indicates p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 against Hk x-31, respectively.

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