Figure 5

DAE reduced the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (A), TNF-α (B), and IL-1β (C) as analyzed through qRT-PCR. DAE reduced oxidative stress in the colon. (D) SOD activity (E), GPx activity and (F) MDA levels. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 8 per group). ##P < 0.01 compared with the control group, #P < 0.05 compared with the control group, **P < 0.01 compared with the DSS group, *P < 0.05 compared with the DSS group.