Table 2 Correlation coefficients between soil N₂O concentration, N₂O emission, and specific soil variables after draining paddy soil columns tested using Spearman index.

N₂O	Soil depth layer	NO₃⁻-N content	NH₄⁺-N content	WFPS	Eh	Arch-amoA abundance	Bac-amoA abundance	narG abundance	nirK abundance	nirS abundance	nosZ abundance
N₂O concentration^†		0.74 ^**	−0.15	−0.33 ^*	0.67 ^**	0.54 ^**	−0.05	0.17	−0.01	0.14	0.21
N₂O emission^‡	0–5 cm	0.85 ^**	−0.93 ^**	−0.95 ^**	0.82 ^**	0.88 ^**	0.22	−0.47	−0.65	−0.10	−0.42
	5–10 cm	0.92 ^**	−0.97 ^**	−0.80 ^**	0.68 ^*	0.83 ^**	−0.62	−0.47	−0.45	−0.37	−0.13
	10–15 cm	0.88 ^**	−0.55	−0.48	0.67 ^*	0.88 ^**	−0.32	0.28	−0.43	−0.30	−0.05
	15–20 cm	0.57	0.15	−0.52	0.78 ^*	0.68 ^**	0.58	0.83 ^**	0.88 ^**	0.70 ^*	0.83 ^**

^*Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed), **Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed.
^†Correlations of N₂O concentrations in four depth layers together with the other parameters in corresponding depth layers.
^‡Correlations of N₂O emission together with the other soil properties in each soil layer.
Note: Unites of soil parameters are: N₂O concentration (mg N₂O m⁻³), N₂O emission (µg N₂O m⁻² h⁻¹), Eh (mV), NH₄⁺-N content (mg kg⁻¹ soil), NO₃⁻-N content (mg kg⁻¹ soil), and WFPS (%); unites of various gene abundances are copies g⁻¹ dry soil.

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