Figure 4

BCAS decreased the dynamics of CSF. (a) Schematic view of the in vivo two-photon microscopy apparatus. CSF was visualized with FITC-d40 injected into the cisterna magna. CSF enters the brain through the para-arterial space and spread into interstitial space. Blood vessels were visualized with Tr-d70 injected into the caudal vein. (b,c) Time series of two-photon microscopy depicting the CSF entering into the brain parenchyma in both sham- and BCAS-operated mice. (d) Quantification of panel b and c. Maximal fluorescence intensity was normalized to 100% in each group. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA. n = 3 per group.