Table 2 Characteristics of the patients whose sera were quantified using ELISA.
From: Anti-Hexokinase 1 Antibody as a Novel Serum Biomarker of a Subgroup of Diabetic Macular Edema
Characteristics | no DM group (n = 36) | DM group (n = 46) | DR group (n = 80) | DME group (n = 83) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 75.5 ± 7.70 | 63.5 ± 11.0* | 62.7 ± 11.9* | 64.1 ± 12.2* | <0.001 |
Gender (male/female) | 11/25 | 32/14* | 58/22* | 54/29* | <0.001 |
Diabetes duration (years) | — | 11.3 ± 9.8 | 16.1 ± 9.6† | 12.3 ± 8.2 | 0.009 |
Mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg) | 87.8 ± 8.1 | 90.5 ± 7.4 | 93.8 ± 14.3 | 96.8 ± 11.7*† | 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | — | 7.76 ± 1.44 | 7.94 ± 1.59 | 7.85 ± 1.65 | 0.814 |
Systemic hypertension | 21 | 25 | 52 | 55 | 0.515 |
Dyslipidemia | 15 | 25 | 41 | 43 | 0.689 |
Phakic in both eyes | 35 | 41 | 55*‡ | 56*‡ | <0.001 |
International classification | |||||
No apparent retinopathy | — | 46 | — | — | |
Mild NPDR | — | — | 25 | 9 | |
Moderate NPDR | — | — | 25 | 32 | |
Severe NPDR | — | — | 16 | 21 | |
PDR | — | — | 14 | 21 | |
Prior PRP in either eye | — | — | 12 | 31 | 0.001 |
