Figure 3

Gut OTUs composition is affected by both ABX and by BDPP treatment. Illumina MiSeq based sequencing of the 16 s rRNA gene from fecal contents of male C57BL6 mice, was performed in stool collected on day 21. Microbial diversity histogram (a, left panel) and phylogenetic classification (a, right panel) were generated based on quality-controlled OTU reads. Only families and genus’ with relative abundance >0.5% were included. (b) α-diversity analysis of the sequencing data using the Shannon index. Microbial diversification is significantly affected by both BDPP and ABX treatment (1-way ANOVA, F (3,73) = 75.11, p < 0.0001). ABX treatment decrease microbial diversification in both vehicle and BDPP-treated C57BL6 mice (Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, ***P < 0.0005; ABX, n = 33 and ABX + BDPP, n = 17 vs. Ctrl, n = 15 and ⁺⁺⁺P < 0.0005; ABX, n = 33 and ABX + BDPP, n = 17 vs. BDPP, n = 9). BDPP treatment increased microbial diversification compare to vehicle treated mice (Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, *P < 0.05 BDPP, n = 9 vs. Ctrl, n = 15). (c) Principal co-ordinate analysis of weighted β-diversity, accounting for both presence and relative abundance of OTUs, demonstrates distinct alterations in microbial diversity in ABX-treated groups (ABX, n = 33; ABX + BDPP, n = 17) and in BDPP treated mice (BDPP, n = 9) compared to vehicle treated mice (Ctrl, n = 15). The percentage of data variance explained by each PC is displayed. Data are displayed as X/Y scatter or mean + SEM.