Table 5 A comparison of the presented antenna with different UHF nanosatellite antennas.

From: Near-zero metamaterial inspired UHF antenna for nanosatellite communication system

Reference

Antenna type & Size (mm)

Operating band (MHz)

Realized gain (dB)

Remarks

Liu et al.32

Printed patch 320 × 80 × 3.17

427.38–437.17

2.12

incompatible with 1U and 2U structure due to larger antenna size

Kakoyiannis et al.33

Microstrip patch 170 × 120 × 6.4

435–437

0.7

incompatible with 1U and 2U structure due to larger antenna size

Podilchak et al.34

Microstrip Patch150 × 150 × 37

384–410

0.4

incompatible with 1U and 2U structure due to larger antenna size

Costantine et al.35

Deployable helix Helix heigh:500

365

8

High performance antenna but not compatible with 1U structure

Alam et al.36

3D-type antenna

398 MHz – 405 MHz

1.18

compatible with 1U and 2U structure but have design complexity

BIRDS-I CubeSat antenna31,37,38

Printed patch 72 × 32 × 1.575

418–448

0.55

compatible with 1U and 2U structure but mission incomplete due to low efficiency and frequency shifting issue

Proposed antenna

Printed patch 80 × 45 × 1.575

391 MHz – 405.92

1.77

compatible with 1U and 2U structure Free from deployable complexity